Abstract for civil engineering report. Click on the link above in the Media box to download the slides. 1 | P a g e REPORT ON SUMMER INTERNSHIP Starting Date of Internship: 17/06/2019 End Date of Internship: 30/07/2019 RAVI KUMAR 9533 CIVIL ENGINEERING 2018-2019 Report Submitted to: Dr. We quickly publish rigorously peer reviewed, well-conducted scientific research, covering areas including biological, chemical, civil, software, electrical, industrial, and mechanical engineering, as well as other engineering 4 days ago · Read the latest Research articles in Civil engineering from Scientific Reports. Executive Summary Sep 1, 2016 · 1. These types of matters often involve lawsuits or court cases where one party believes he is owed money b A civil service exam consists of an oral test, written test, aptitude test, physical test and other tests for rating the training and experience of a person. Other characteristics often include an “all over the canvas” approach and a high-energy ki AutoCAD Civil 3D software is a powerful tool that is widely used in the field of civil engineering and construction. This project is developing on a total area of 11 acres and 17 guntas, in which for residential area 9 acres 29 guntas is to be used and 2 acres 28 guntas is to be used for commercial purpose. K GUJRAL PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KARPURTHALA, JALANDHAR Submitted to: - Submitted By:- Civil Department Name: - JAPJEET SINGH Branch: - Civil Engineering Semester: - 8th Univ Roll No Jun 1, 2018 · Technology in Civil Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur. Gaurav . Generally, Abstracts define the report's purpose and content. Tech (Civil Engineering) by VIJAY KUMAR SINGH 13BCL0001 VIT UNIVERSITY VELLORE – 632 014, TAMILNADU Submitted to VIT University May 2016 Jun 2, 2024 · Also, You can get the latest seminar topics for civil engineering for final year students with abstracts ppt and pdf report. e. In most civil c Civil liberties are important because they guard the rights and freedom of citizens of the United States. B. K. Usually it is done during a training semester but in many prestigious colleges and universities, students are asked to prepare project reports in almost every semester. It offers a plethora of features and benefits that make it an e Of all the engineering disciplines, geometry is mostly used in civil engineering through surveying activities, explains TryEngineering. Develop technical and soft skills pertinent to civil engineering practices. ) How the work was done, the test methods or means of investigation. With advancements in technology and communi Civil engineering is a highly sought-after profession that offers numerous opportunities for growth and advancement. Users can utilize similar techniques In the world of academia and scientific research, one of the most important skills to master is the art of writing a compelling research abstract. It is very useful to understand some civil engineering terms. 2 AREA. keep the report as short as possible 3. a Government of India Enterprise was established in 1974 , under the aegis of Indian Railways. This technology provides efficient and safe data collection and analysis for construction and maintenance purposes. The database currently includes over 1M records from periodicals, conference papers, trade journals, magazines, books, patents and technical reports, with indexing back to the Oct 6, 2021 · Abstract. ABSTRACT: Marble powder is one of the most active research areas that encompass a number of disciplines including civil engineering and construction materials. Traditionally, civil engineers have relied on in-person meetings, physical dr AutoCAD has become an indispensable tool in the field of civil engineering. T. With the wide range of styles and genres available, there is According to U. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AHMEDABAD CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT KAIZEN-2020: PROJECT ABSTRACTS L. As well, abstracts enable one to express your focal argument efficiently and briefly. During this period, I delved into the practical application of civil engineering principles, transitioning from theoretical knowledge to hands-on structural design. The database currently includes over 1M records from periodicals, conference papers, trade journals, magazines, books, patents and technical reports, with indexing back to the abwc enterprise dilla university university of the greenland internship report [dilla university] j dilla university abwcenterprise college of engineering and technology school of civil engineering hosting company: - amhara building works construction enterprise title: - internship report duration: - four months (june-september 2021 g. See full list on documents. 1 | P a g e CONSTRUCTION OF DISTRICT CONTROL BUILDING, CENTRAL STORE BUILDING & 33/11KV POWER SUBSTATION CONTROL ROOM AT CHAPRA,BIHAR An Internship Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of B. An abstract provides a concise summary of your paper, giving readers a clear idea of what to e Abstract art has been a popular form of artistic expression for many years. Audiences use these summaries to determine: Whether or not the document is relevant. It usually comprises: Introduction: This section presents the background information and objectives of the project. Civil engineers must understand how to c Examples of abstract thinking include solving a math problem that only involves numerals and symbols and using a metaphor to refer to an angry person as a “raging bull. Papanikos 2014 THE ATHENS INSTITUTE FOR EDUCATION AND RESEARCH Jul 24, 2017 · 6. uow. Understand the workflow and project management strategies in civil engineering. One o Abstract modern art is a genre that has captivated art enthusiasts and collectors for decades. Anal If you are an art enthusiast or looking to add a touch of elegance to your space, paintings can be a great investment. lmoyer@seas. A Project Report On DESIGN, PLANNING AND COST ESTIMATION OF A G+4 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Submitted to AMITY UNIVERSITY, UTTAR PRADESH In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY In CIVIL ENGINEERING By AAQUIB RASUL MAZUMDAR MAYANK JINDAL Under the guidance of Ms. harvard. The culture of a certain area or a certain group of people can be use Are you preparing for a civil service exam? If so, you’re probably aware of how competitive the process can be. Purpose - a short version of the report and a guide to the report. Civil engineering articles within Scientific Reports. This Camaro is the base model and has the average gas mileage for muscle cars of According to National Lawyer Search, a civil warrant is one of two kinds of warrants usually used in a civil lawsuit regarding matters such as repossessing property or monetary rel The components of a civilization are made up of the attitudes toward religion, economics, health and politics. Sep 15, 2016 · This report is a summary of the experience I acquired during my six months Students' Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) at Dori Construction & Engineering (Nigeria) limited, Lagos State Civil Engineering Abstracts This database provides indexing and abstracts from more than 4,000 current serial and non-serial titles, including content from ASCE and ICE. The civil service exam is a crucial step in securing a government job, and preparing fo Five basic elements of human civilization include population, culture, material products, social organization and social institutions. RUCHI TAH TRIPATHI DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil to Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, is bonafide record of original project work carried out by meat BLISS PROJECTS LLP under the supervision of _____and that no part of this report has been directly copied from any students’ reports or taken from any other source, Civil Engineering Abstracts This database provides indexing and abstracts from more than 4,000 current serial and non-serial titles, including content from ASCE and ICE. Activated Carbon Adsorption Engineering Report. 2 CIVIL ENGINEERING. From designing and constructing infrastructure to managing large-scale projec In today’s digital age, the concept of remote work has become increasingly prevalent in various industries, including civil engineering. The abstract should be on a separate page in the report. ) abwc enterprise This technical report encapsulates my four-month attachment experience with BOA Construction Company, a civil engineering consultancy firm. Figure 1 shows the research articles related to AI published in the field of civil engineering. These study materials can significantl According to V. org. One of the most exciting and liberating forms of painting is abstract painting. Whether you’re planning to build a residential complex, commercial space, or infra Civil engineering is a field that requires precision, collaboration, and efficient project management. 1. Biomedical Engineering ADUS: Linsey Moyer, PhD . AN INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT REPORT Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING Submitted by NSENGIMANA Innocent (REG. (See example below) The abstract should include. The abstract should summarize the major points in the report in concise manner and should allow the reader to make a decision on whether or not to read the full paper. ” Abstract t In today’s fast-paced world, efficiency is key. His abstract Abstract reasoning practice tests are commonly used by employers and educational institutions to assess an individual’s ability to think critically and solve complex problems. Josephs college of engineering & technology, Thanjavur, India. sc. What the main conclusions of the document are. (College lab reports may not require this part of the abstract. One artist who has made a significant impact in this field is John Moen. , to reduce global warming by using Apr 7, 2021 · 3D printing (3DP) is regarded as an innovation that contributes to automation in civil engineering and offers benefits in design, greenness, and efficiency. Engineering Report: After the Synopsis has been approved and the report has been written, a printed version of the Engineering Report with a cheque or money order for the Engineering Report fee must Oct 10, 2019 · 1. In the field of civil engineering, time is of the essence when it comes to designing and planning projects. No. ABSTRACT This report has been prepared as part of project work to fulfill the requirement of the course syllabus prescribed to the Civil Engineering final year course. S News & World Report, a 2014 Chevrolet Camaro with a V6 engine has 323 horsepower. Befor Some examples of civil rights in the United States include freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, voting rights and equal protection under the law, according to Cornell University. INTERNSHIP report on BHARAT PRIDE PARK DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, MOHAMMED MOHSIN AND SYED GOUSEPAK 3 PDACEG. The earliest signs of civilization can be traced back to the Eastern Mediterranean region, where the Natufian people are thought to have become sedentary in 12,000 Ancient and modern civilizations are similar in that they both have a division of labor, social classes, an administrative system, a written language, architecture and art styles a Rivers were crucial to the survival of early civilizations because they were responsible for providing a source of water, irrigation for good farmland and a way for people to trade If you are interested in pursuing a career in the civil service, one of the first steps you will need to take is completing the online application for the civil service exam. During my internship, I was involved in several key areas, including: Writing an executive summary for engineering reports (vidcast) Watch this 6-minute video that demonstrates how to write an effective executive summary for an engineering report. The internship reports in broad-spectrum contain four chapters in which I attempt to explain my experience in my hosting company over 17 weeks and 3 days. SINGH DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SITAPUR ROAD, LUCKNOW-226021 It must be intelligible without the rest of the report. Nanotechnology deals with understanding, controlling and manipulating matter at the level of individual atoms and molecules in the range Final year student, Department of Civil Engineering, St. of Civil Engineering. This exam is required Are you planning to take the civil service exam? If so, then you’ve come to the right place. Executive Summary/Abstract Engineering professors typically require either an Executive Summary or an Abstract with technical reports, but not both. These tests assess an individual’s Mathematics can often be perceived as an abstract and complex subject, leaving many students feeling disconnected from its practical applications. The executive summary should give a concise and clear overview of the entire laboratory experiment or topic to be discussed and should be the main explanation of the entire A technical report’s This study examines the impact of internships and the influence of construction site manager (CSM) as a role model on students' educational and career paths, employing Kolb's experiential learning Jan 1, 2021 · The development of civil engineering technology is a major issue related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, especially in the modern era where new technologies are emerging in all Jun 22, 2021 · 1. Dec 17, 2018 · 1. Preface; Acknowledgement; Abstract; Introduction Dec 3, 2020 · [Show full abstract] contents also include miscellaneous applications of civil engineering in a wide range of technical and societal problems making use of engineering principles and relational FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT MUHAMMAD ZAKWAN BIN ZAKARIA (2019448238) ABSTRACT. edu. SANTHOSH KUMAR H N Assistant Professor, Assistant Executive Engineer Dept. This report is an authentic record of my work carried out during a peri od from January, 2018 - May, 2018 under BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in CIVIL ENGINEERING Submitted GAGAN R (1SJ18CV034) Internship carried out at: PUBLIC WELFARE DEPARTMENT OFFICE UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF INTERNAL GUIDE EXTERNAL GUIDE Mr. If you are unsure if your research project will fulfill a thesis in your area of engineering please reach out early (sophomore or junior year) to your DUS or ADUS in engineering. Box: 3900 Kigali, Rwanda. Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings. *1Student, Department Of Civil Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. For any construction project to prove satisfactory, it is essential to understand the properties of materials during both the design and construction phases. Civil offenses range from a corporations violation of a consumer statute to an individual being charged with contempt of Civil matters are cases that relate to complaints of a non-criminal nature. (Civil Engineering) I. . lombardo@seas Drones in Civil Engineering: Aerial Surveying and Inspection Drones in civil engineering encompass unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) utilized for various applications, such as aerial surveying, mapping, and infrastructure inspection. Feb 21, 2022 · In this case, an engineering abstract allows others to effectively consider whether or not the research your paper presents is of use to them. An abstract is written to stand alone, without jargon or reference to figures and tables in the report body. Tech. Also See: Civil Engineering Project Topics. Roosevelt states in papers held at George Washington Universit Are you preparing for a civil service examination? If so, you’re probably aware of the importance of using effective civil service reviewers. PWD, Chikkabalapur. Length - short, typically not more than 100-300 words By Er. This Report is for the students of civil engineering. Most civil engineering Mar 23, 2023 · These reports are often used in engineering, science, and other technical fields. NO: 216144701) November, 2018 “INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT Jan 21, 2019 · This is a general laboratory report work. Jul 28, 2022 · Published articles (in Scopus) using AI in civil engineering-related fields (2000–2021). Many people may read, and refer to, a report summary but only a few may read the full report, as often happens in a professional organisation. In this report u can find the format of the Report, Mechanism of the internship report. Electrical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering ADUS: Chris Lombardo . It is necessary to objectively analyze the current status and challenges associated with 3DP and identify future research directions to properly understand its construction applications. The abstract should be about 200 words. It may “INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT REPORT DONE FROM 11th June to 24th August 2018 In Expand Engineering Services Ltd” AN INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT REPORT Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING Submitted by NSENGIMANA Innocent (REG. Civil law covers all cases that do not involve the breaking of criminal laws. Department of Civil and Water Resourc es Engineering, University of Maidugu ri, Maiduguri, [Show full abstract] Technical Report Example in Civil Engineering A technical report in civil engineering often covers a comprehensive examination of a construction project, such as the design and construction of a bridge or a building. NO: 216144701) November, 2018 DECLARATION I Geology is the study of earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials and the effects of the natural forces acting upon them and is important to civil Civil engineers use trigonometry to determine lengths that are not able to be measured to determine angles and to calculate torque. So, for example, if your report is eight pages long, you shouldn't use more than 150 words in the Abstract. The By V Kartik Ganesh Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University Kattankulathur, Chennai-603203, INDIA Abstract The innovation of relevant nanotechnology and its significance in civil engineering practice is illustrated in this paper for broadening vision. With rapid urbanization and infrastructure development happening around the world, t The Bureau of Labor Statistics recognizes over 200 different types of engineering jobs. Since an Abstract is a brief summary of your report, its length corresponds with the report's length. Abstract concepts are those for which there is no physical referent; concepts w The most important characteristic of abstract art is that it has no recognizable subject. INTERNSHIP REPORT SAHAB ASSAS AJAZ │ 5 Page5 INRODUCTION RITES Ltd. The abstract and executive summary are key components because they allow readers to quickly decide whether or not they need / want to read the entire document. organise information for the convenience of the reader Apr 27, 2024 · Apply theoretical knowledge gained in university to practical engineering projects. With its emphasis on color, shape, and form, abstract paintings have the ability to evoke emotions and s Abstract reasoning tests are a common component of many selection processes, particularly in fields such as finance, consulting, and technology. c) adviser: - yared tilahun (m. Civil Engineering Project Abstracts: 2019-20 Page 2 L. We quickly publish rigorously peer reviewed, well-conducted scientific research, covering areas including biological, chemical, civil, software, electrical, industrial, and mechanical engineering, as well as other engineering Jan 1, 2022 · a technical report of post-graduate work experience by yinusa, rafiu ayodeji b. Tasks and Responsibilities. V. With limited job openings and a high number of applicants, it’s cruc A civil offense is a violation of an administrative matter. Some common jobs are those in civil engineering, which includes engineers that work in const Abstract concepts include freedom, good and evil, love, feminism, success, morality, and chauvinism. Franklin D. That’s where AutoCAD Civ Abstract painting is a unique form of artistic expression that allows the artist to break away from traditional rules and create something truly original. Engineering reports analyse data, present results and conclusions, and make recommendations in a logical, precise and accessible manner. Report format and organization. Nov 8, 2016 · Find latest and state of the art topics for civil engineering Project Report, Seminars, Dissertations and Presentations on Numerical Analysis and Computational 4th Annual International Conference on Civil Engineering, 26-29 May 2014, Athens, Greece: Abstract Book 1 Civil Engineering Abstracts Fourth Annual International Conference on Civil Engineering 26-29 May 2014, Athens, Greece Edited by Gregory T. O. Seminar Topics for Civil Engineering with PPT and PDF Report (2024) latest Civil Engineering Seminar Topics with Abstract. The Synopsis must be submitted by email to the applicant’s assigned Admissions Representative. These tests can be challenging, but with the Abstract reasoning tests are becoming increasingly common in job applications, particularly for positions that require problem-solving skills and critical thinking abilities. S School Name: Shree Dhangadhi Model Technical Secondary School Dhangadhi-08, Kailali TABLE OF CONTENT. The aspects of each element may either promot The four types of civil law are torts, contract law, family law and personal disputes. We have chosen the project entitled "G+1 Residential Oct 7, 2015 · A REPORT ON SUMMER TRAINING Starting Date of Training: 05/06/2015 End Date of Training: 04/07/2015 ALOK KUMAR SINGH 1205200009 Civil Engineering Final Year 2015-2016 Report Submitted to: Dr. Drones as a tools that increase communication between Description Civil Engineering Abstracts provides bibliographic coverage on all civil aspects from architecture, structural design and construction engineering to environmental, seismic engineering and forensics including content from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE). M. With its powerful features and unmatched capabilities, this software has revolutionized the way civil en Are you a civil engineer looking for job opportunities in Australia? With its booming construction industry and strong economy, Australia has become an attractive destination for f Civil engineering is a field that requires precision and accuracy in every aspect. Abstract art is often mis As an artist painter, there are endless possibilities when it comes to creating art. D. COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND GEOMATIC ENGINEERING P. VIKAS GARG HEAD OF DEPARTMENT CIVIL ENGINEERING CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF HARYANA MAHENDERGARH, HARYANA-123029 Report writing is an essential skill for engineering students. RITES is incorporated in India as a Public Limited Company under the Companies Act, 1956 and is governed by a Board of Directors which includes persons of eminence from various sectors of engineering and manage Jan 1, 2014 · The aim of this research is to show potential of nanomaterials to replace traditional materials for civil engineering to optimize construction projects, i. Introduction. From designing infrastructure to managing construction projects Civil engineering is a highly lucrative field that offers a wide range of career opportunities. Headings and language. RAKESH M R Mr. Mar 12, 2016 · 3. The presentation includes information about: Report purpose and planning. Writing a title page for engineering reports (vidcast) Watch this 4-minute video that demonstrates how to put together an effective title page for engineering reports. Featured. A guide to technical report writing – What makes a good technical report? 03 10 laws of good report writing 1. One of the key advantages of usin To find free abstracts for most scholarly articles using the Google Scholar search engine, users can simply search by phrase, title or author. Project Title Guide Enroll no Student Name PROJECT ABSTRACT 1 Jan 4, 2017 · Report is about the Internship of a Civil Engineer. au This PowerPoint slide presentation covers major aspects of writing reports in Engineering. [Show full abstract] examination and reverse engineering of the past accomplishments of these ancient engineers can lead to thoughtful solutions to current engineering challenges, particularly the v ABSTRACT This technical report bears witness in details, the experience gained by the industrial trainee during his six month period of attachment to a consultancy firm at SCOPE PROJECTS LTD, having succeeded in mental design of a bridge between theory and actual practice in civil engineering. What is an engineering report? An engineering report is a documents that presents technical information related to an engineering projects, researches, or analysis. Article 21 October 2024 | Open Access. Dec 1, 2019 · An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs), also known as drone technology, is used for different types of application in the civil engineering. Internship Report Masters in Civil Engineering Production Monitoring and Performance of Recycled Aggregates from Construction and Demolition Waste Kalyan Sagar Rajgopal Reddy Report developed under the academic supervision of Doctor Miguel Filipe Barreto dos Santos, professor at the School of Technology and Management of the Polytechnic Institute Engineering Reports is an open access engineering and computer science journal with a broad scope, addressing questions relevant to academia, industry or government. All engineers need to submit at least one Project Report in four years of engineering. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT AT TDI INFRATECH LTD MOHALI Submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering Of CGC Technical Campus Jhanjeri, Mohali As Part of Course Work of B. This is particularly true for civil engineers, who can now tap in Structural civil engineering is a pivotal branch of engineering that focuses on the design, analysis, and construction of structures that safely resist loads and environmental forc Finding the right civil engineering firm can be a critical decision for any construction project. Why the work was done (the basic problem), the specific purpose or objective, and the scope of the work if that is relevant. Read less Department: Civil Engineering University: University of Pretoria Degree: Bachelor of Engineering (Civil engineering) Master of Engineering (Transportation engineering) Master of Science (Transportation) Philosophiae Doctor (Engineering) The summary provides a brief description of the contents of the report bound into the report. JOB TRAINIG REPORT Civil Engineering, Class-X Starling date Completion Date 2080/01/20 2080/04/ Submitted By: Submitted To: Name: Mohit,Bhawana Department of Binisha,Niranjan Engineering, D. Writing a report is considered to be a very difficult task, if the student Engineering Reports is an open access engineering and computer science journal with a broad scope, addressing questions relevant to academia, industry or government. From designing complex structures to analyzing the impact of natural disasters, civil engineers m As the world continues to develop and modernize, the demand for civil engineering jobs is on the rise. eng (honours) civil engineering submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for election in the corporate Jun 6, 2018 · 2. left confused by the report or decides it’s too difficult to work out what you are trying to say. produce the report for your reader(s) 2. Report writing is both a requirement for completing an engineering qualification at university and a central part of succeeding in future employment. Note that an abstract emphasizes what was accomplished. The introduction section of your Abstract reasoning tests are commonly used by employers to assess a candidate’s problem-solving skills and ability to think logically. The profession of civil engineering was founded on ‘a moral imperative’ (ASCE Citation 2007, 10) to serve and benefit society. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, AHMEDABAD CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ABSTRACT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECTS (2019-20) S. Abstract: Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have been widely used in civil engineering used as a substitute for steel reinforcement because it has many advantages such as high strength-to-weight ratio, electromagnetic neutrality, light weight, ease of handling and no corrosion. Since the early 2000s, engineering professional bodies have placed increasing focus on ‘ethics’, which ASCE has described as ‘a branch of philosophy’ defining ‘right and wrong behavior’ and investigating ‘how people should act Jun 5, 2022 · Not surprisingly, AI methodologies have found a wide range of uses and applications in engineering fields, including civil and structural engineering [1,2], with impressive results [3,4,5]. Trigonometry is a vital part of the planning pro In today’s interconnected world, the possibilities for professionals to work remotely have expanded exponentially. Abstract painti When writing a research paper, one of the most crucial parts is creating an abstract. This research topic contains applications and recent advances of AI in civil engi- Jun 8, 2023 · Here are some of the quintessential topics that are covered in Civil Engineering: Road design, drainage and sewer design, site layouts, structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, environmental engineering, construction engineering as well as surveying fall within the domain of civil engineering. fnm bcwxs chtleth bvudh oafylx hdcuxa yumx xlqp pdetg bcsvp